2008년 3월 29일 토요일

2008.3.26

Key point for today
-people make media and the media make people

Q: the world-wid web
what is the staed motivation of the researh?
- The www was developed to be a pool of human knowledge, which would allow collaborators in remote sites to share their ideas and all aspects of common project

What problem does this research address?
- Originally the work was to provide a graphical interface to a set of distributed files used in physics project management at CERN

Who funded this research?
- currently and/or previously supported by CERN, DARPA, The European Commission, INRIA,
What isthe economics of the work?
- Keio University Of Japan, ERCIM, MITand the WWW Consortium
The economics of standards.

What is the stated genealogy of the technology?
- bush's memex; nelson's writings on hypertext; berners-lee's early implementations

Who is the intended audience?
- Association for computing Machinery.
Communications of the ACM; see www.acm.org

Who are the "dramatis pensonae" of the article?
- origin story. technical reference, hos to manual

othering: who are "we"? who are "they"?
- consider the competing standards and the existing utopic writings.

What is thinking reading writing?
- see nelson and engelbart.

What other texts are cited?
- definitions of various standards.

what is the WWW?
1. a collaboratively authored hypertext
2. It is a standard.

ISO : International standards organization
REC: Request for comments
W4C: World-wide web sonsortium

2008.3.28

URI: Universal resource identifier
ex) URL(ssu name), URN(persistent location: declare)
HTML: Hypertext mark up ianguage
try[view]->[source] in your web site
HTTP: Hypertext transfer protocol
http is an internet protocol designed for transferring information for hyper text document

What is WWW?
The www is a vast. heterogeneous network of people and machines.

I was tough because this class is English class. So I was reviewed after class. so I decieded preparation in this week. I concentrated better than before. and I exactly listened better than before.

2008년 3월 23일 일요일

assigment: augmenting human intellect

*what does " digital media" mean?
- Key points
when a medium is new, it is often used to simulate old media.
Now media do not replce old media. they displace them.

- today's focus
One way that digital media has been understood is as new forms of writing, reaing and thinking

what is the stated motivation of the research?
man's population and gross produt are increasing at a considerable rate, but the complexity of his problems grows still faster, and the urgency with which solutions must be found becomes steadily greater in response to the increased rate of activity and the increasingly global nature of that activity

what problem does this research address?
more-rapid comrehension, better comprehension, the possibility of gaining a useful degree of comprehension that previously was too complex, speedier solutions, better solutions, and the possibility of finding solutions to problems that before seemed insoluble.

who funded this research?
stanford research institue
air force office of scientific research
arpa projects

what is the economics of the work?
multidisciplinary nature of the framwork also made the uses of the system difficult to understand.

what is the stated genealogy of the technology?
general references to psychology, computer programming, "physical technology", "display technolgy", industrial enginnering, mangement science, systems analysis, information retrieval

what narrative strategies are employed in the article?
reporing style, personal relection, speculative voice, demo

othering: who are we? who are they?
.........ㅠ_ㅠ.....;;;;

what is thinking?
you are quite elated by this freedom to juggle the record of your thoughts and by the way this freedom alows you to work them into shape

what is reading?
after a few passes through a reference, we very rarely go back to it in its original form. It sits in the archive like an orange rind with most of the real juice squeezed out.

what is writing
the memo became apparent that the final issuance from my work, it would represent.

I was sick friday, so I was absent. As a result I had studied that for saturday, and friday.
but, I deeply thought this literature rather than "welcome to the present.
I read "augmenting human intellect, I understood new form about digital media. and remind about old media and new media

2008년 3월 15일 토요일

as we may think


Of what lasting benefit has been man's use of science and of the new instruments which his research brought into existence? First, they have increased his control of his material environment. They have improved his food, his clothing, his shelter; they have increased his security and released him partly from the bondage of bare existence. They have given him increased knowledge of his own biological processes so that he has had a progressive freedom from disease and an increased span of life. They are illuminating the interactions of his physiological and psychological functions, giving the promise of an improved mental health.
Science has provided the swiftest communication between individuals. Yet specialization becomes increasingly necessary for progress, and the effort to bridge between disciplines is correspondingly superficial. Professionally our methods of transmitting and reviewing the results of research are generations old and by now are totally inadequate for their purpose. Those who conscientiously attempt to keep abreast of current thought, even in restricted fields, by close and continuous reading might well shy away from an examination calculated to show how much of the previous month's efforts could be produced on call. The difficulty seems to be, not so much that we publish unduly in view of the extent and variety of present day interests, but rather that publication has been extended far beyond our present ability to make real use of the record. Machines with interchangeable parts can now be constructed with great economy of effort. In spite of much complexity, they perform reliably. A record if it is to be useful to science, must be continuously extended, it must be stored, and above all it must be consulted. Today we make the record conventionally by writing and photography, followed by printing; but we also record on film, on wax disks, and on magnetic wires. process now in use is slow, and more or less clumsy. Mere compression, of course, is not enough; one needs not only to make and store a record but also be able to consult it, and this aspect of the matter comes later. Even the modern great library is not generally consulted; it is nibbled at by a few. Compression is important, however, when it comes to costs. Our present languages are not especially adapted to this sort of mechanization, it is true. It is strange that the inventors of universal languages have not seized upon the idea of producing one which better fitted the technique for transmitting and recording speech. Mechanization may yet force the issue, especially in the scientific field; whereupon scientific jargon would become still less intelligible to the layman. Much needs to occur, however, between the collection of data and observations, the extraction of parallel material from the existing record, and the final insertion of new material into the general body of the common record. For mature thought there is no mechanical substitute. But creative thought and essentially repetitive thought are very different things. For the latter there are, and may be, powerful mechanical aids. Moreover, they will be far more versatile than present commercial machines, so that they may readily be adapted for a wide variety of operations. The repetitive processes of thought are not confined however, to matters of arithmetic and statistics. hereafter, at any time, when one of these items is in view, the other can be instantly recalled merely by tapping a button below the corresponding code space. Moreover, when numerous items have been thus joined together to form a trail, they can be reviewed in turn, rapidly or slowly, by deflecting a lever like that used for turning the pages of a book. It is exactly as though the physical items had been gathered together from widely separated sources and bound together to form a new book. It is more than this, for any item can be joined into numerous trails.And his trails do not fade. Several years later, his talk with a friend turns to the queer ways in which a people resist innovations, even of vital interest. He has an example, in the fact that the outraged Europeans still failed to adopt the Turkish bow. In fact he has a trail on it. A touch brings up the code book. Tapping a few keys projects the head of the trail. A lever runs through it at will, stopping at interesting items, going off on side excursions. It is an interesting trail, pertinent to the discussion. So he sets a reproducer in action, photographs the whole trail out, and passes it to his friend for insertion in his own memex, there to be linked into the more general trail. Wholly new forms of encyclopedias will appear, ready made with a mesh of associative trails running through them, ready to be dropped into the memex and there amplified. The lawyer has at his touch the associated opinions and decisions of his whole experience, and of the experience of friends and authorities. The patent attorney has on call the millions of issued patents, with familiar trails to every point of his client's interest. The physician, puzzled by a patient's reactions, strikes the trail established in studying an earlier similar case, and runs rapidly through analogous case histories, with side references to the classics for the pertinent anatomy and histology. The chemist, struggling with the synthesis of an organic compound, has all the chemical literature before him in his laboratory, with trails following the analogies of compounds, and side trails to their physical and chemical behavior. the historian, with a vast chronological account of a people, parallels it with a skip trail which stops only on the salient items, and can follow at any time contemporary trails which lead him all over civilization at a particular epoch. There is a new profession of trail blazers, those who find delight in the task of establishing useful trails through the enormous mass of the common record. The inheritance from the master becomes, not only his additions to the world's record, but for his disciples the entire scaffolding by which they were erected. We know that when the eye sees, all the consequent information is transmitted to the brain by means of electrical vibrations in the channel of the optic nerve. This is an exact analogy with the electrical vibrations which occur in the cable of a television set: they convey the picture from the photocells which see it to the radio transmitter from which it is broadcast. We know further that if we can approach that cable with the proper instruments, we do not need to touch it; we can pick up those vibrations by electrical induction and thus discover and reproduce the scene which is being transmitted, just as a telephone wire may be tapped for its message.The applications of science have built man a well-supplied house, and are teaching him to live healthily therein. They have enabled him to throw masses of people against one another with cruel weapons. They may yet allow him truly to encompass the great record and to grow in the wisdom of race experience. I read this story, I more thought detail history about science rather than before. and I recognized several science. science satistied producing and saving and recording. so the science evolved a method of future . many kinds of technical ploblem have ignored. but what really ignored is a method which progress of increased speed. now we have to think the potential of that medthod. and we will have to evolve science products.